Common signs can include rope-like veins beneath the skin, swelling, itching or burning around the ankles, leg pain or tiredness, throbbing or cramping at night, skin rashes or sores, and brownish or purple skin discolouration around the ankle.

Untreated varicose veins can lead to increased swelling and pain, skin discolouration and ulcers. These ulcers can be difficult to treat and may become infected.

Several risk factors have been identified, including heredity, age, gender, obesity, hormonal changes and pregnancy.

Her vascular experience includes traumatic vascular injuries, peripheral limb ischaemia, arterial aneurysms, dialysis access, varicose venous disease, deep vein thrombosis and chronic wound management.

The client-provided information lists treatments including Endovenous Ablation Therapy and Sclerotherapy. A suitable treatment depends on the individual patient's condition and clinical assessment.

Persistent swelling, pain, skin changes, sores or other concerning symptoms should be assessed by an appropriate vascular specialist. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications.